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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders are often co-occurring with ADHD. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medications can help alleviate these symptoms, but they can also cause adverse effects, such as small growth reductions and tics in adolescents and children. Some people also notice that their anxiety increases when taking stimulant medication. Stimulants The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. You can find them in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They can also be found in brown or white dust. The use of large doses can result in excessive stimulation, resulting in anxiety and panic, stomach cramps, aggression and paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may cause addiction and severe side effects like heart problems high pressure, stroke and heart attacks. These medications are also proven to alleviate anxiety symptoms. They help by boosting brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. These are lower in ADHD patients. This boosts the activity and communication of parts of the brain that control executive and attention functions. This leads to an improvement in impulse control, and anxiety symptoms diminish. Both atomoxetine (as as methylphenidate) reduce anxiety symptoms among adults with ADHD who also suffer from anxiety disorders. Anxiety symptom improvement was seen as early as the fourth week of treatment for both medications and the benefits were sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to remember that the type of medication that will be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms co-occurring may depend on which of the conditions has more impact on a person’s quality of living. For instance, someone might experience a lot of anxiety-inducing episodes on a regular basis while they rush to make appointments or try to stay on top of their school or work. These are stressful and can cause anxiety more frequently than symptoms of panic attacks or anxiety. In these cases the antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best option to alleviate anxiety-related symptoms. These medications have been proven to be effective at reducing anxiety levels in adults. They are usually taken orally and may take a bit longer to work, but the most common options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Sertraline and Fluoxetine, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine and venlafaxine. These can be taken in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and are particularly useful if the patient experiences a racing heart or elevated blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs, which are antidepressants, are often used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac is the first drug of this group is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also able to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. These drugs are a bit more flexible than previous versions of antidepressants. Additionally, they have fewer and fewer severe adverse effects. The SSRIs inhibit serotonin reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter within the synapse to stay active and to signal the post synaptic cell more frequently than would be the case in other circumstances. This can increase the output of norepinephrine, which can reduce anxiety. It can also increase the levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP), stimulating the synthesis of proteins. SSRIs can also reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and reduce agitation in some people suffering from ADHD. These drugs can, however increase the risk of suicidal behavior and thoughts among some people. They also can increase appetite and weight gain when first starting. Another type of antidepressant called SNRIs, works differently than the SSRIs. medication for adhd of both serotonin and norepinephrine. They also affect anxiety. They can enhance the functioning of the heart muscle and blood vessels. This can reduce feelings such as anxiety and stress. People who suffer from bipolar disorder may benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine, (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most common SNRIs. SNRIs can cause blood pressure to rise in some people, so people with high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease should avoid taking these medications. There are a variety of behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be used in conjunction with medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety. Some people find that tapping on specific points on their body, or Emotional Freedom Techniques, can help lower the cortisol hormone that causes anxiety. Exercise and diet can help reduce anxiety. Your doctor may recommend a diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can increase anxiety in some ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medicines While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively researched but they are not the best choice for those who also suffer from anxiety and ADHD. These medications can trigger adverse effects such as jitteriness, rapid heart rate and nervousness that could resemble or exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medicines have been prescribed for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase heart rate or blood pressure and are less likely to have anxiety-related side effects such as shaking, sweating, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can help improve attention and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also proven that it is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered articles on clinical research from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out if atomoxetine improved anxiety in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another drug that can help with anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is often prescribed to those suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also help improve mood and help reduce anxiety symptoms. It is often a good idea to try and treat the root anxiety-related issue before treating the ADHD since that will usually reduce anxiety symptoms. It is common for kids with ADHD to suffer from anxiety, and in some instances, anxiety may be caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective method of treating anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as psychostimulants. These treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root causes of the problem. Antidepressants are also prescribed to those who have ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, that target serotonin, a brain chemical can aid in reducing anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro and Sertraline. Ultimately, the decision of which medication is best for you will be decided by your doctor. Before recommending a drug, they will look at your symptoms, lifestyle and age, along with other health issues. It is crucial to discuss your goals for treatment with your doctor and stick to a daily schedule while taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness yoga, meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques), sleep, nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD according to Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it challenging to treat both conditions at once. He usually prescribes stimulants first to treat ADHD, and then turns to non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine, bupropion, or guanfacine to treat anxiety disorders. They are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances like stimulants.